半透空沉箱式防波堤的消波性能试验研究

提出一种新型防波堤——半透空沉箱式防波堤。在玻璃水槽中进行系列水工模型试验,量测在不同波高、周期波浪作用下,半透空沉箱防波堤前后的波浪特征参数,分析半透空沉箱防波堤对不同特征波浪的反射率,波浪周期与波浪尖锐度之关系。探讨该防波堤结构的消波原理与性能,根据试验分析结果,选出最优的透空率及内置斜坡坡度,试验结论可为开敞式港区码头的防波消波方案设计与规划提供一种新思路。     

Adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: Influence from neighbors,family and coworkers

During the last years, many governments have set targets for increasing the share of biofuels in the transportation sector. Understanding consumer behavior is essential in designing policies that efficiently increase the uptake of cleaner technologies. In this paper we analyze adopters and non-adopters of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). We use diffusion of innovation theory and the established notion that the social system and interpersonal influence play important roles in adoption. Based on a nationwide database of car owners we analyze interpersonal influence on adoption from three social domains: neighbors, family and coworkers. The results point primarily at a neighbor effect in that AFV adoption is more likely if neighbors also have adopted. The results also point at significant effects of interpersonal influence from coworkers and family members but these effects weaken or disappear when income, education level, marriage, age, gender and green party votes are controlled for. The results extend the diffusion of innovation and AFV literature with empirical support for interpersonal influence based on objective data where response bias is not a factor. Implications for further research, environmental and transport policy, and practitioners are discussed.     

Analytical and simulation approaches to understand combined effects of transit signal priority and road-space priority measures

Transit signal priority (TSP) may be combined with road-space priority (RSP) measures to increase its effectiveness. Previous studies have investigated the combination of TSP and RSP measures, such as TSP with dedicated bus lanes (DBLs) and TSP with queue jump lanes (QJLs). However, in these studies, combined effects are usually not compared with separate effects of each measure. In addition, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to understanding combined effects of TSP and RSP measures. It remains unclear whether combining TSP and RSP measures creates an additive effect where the combined effect of TSP and RSP measures is equal to the sum of their separate effects. The existence of such an additive effect would suggest considerable benefits from combining TSP and RSP measures. This paper explores combined effects of TSP and RSP measures, including TSP with DBLs and TSP with QJLs. Analytical results based on time-space diagrams indicate that at an intersection level, the combined effect on bus delay savings is smaller than the additive effect if there is no nearside bus stop and the traffic condition in the base case is under-saturated or near-saturated. With a near-side bus stop, the combined effect on bus delay savings at an intersection level can be better than the additive effect (or over-additive effect), depending on dwell time, distance from the bus stop to the stop line, traffic demand, and cycle length. In addition, analytical results suggest that at an arterial level, the combined effect on bus delay savings can be the over-additive effect with suitable signal offsets. These results are confirmed by a micro-simulation case study. Combined effects on arterial and side-street traffic delays are also discussed.     

广西高速公路声屏障降噪效果研究

文章结合实地监测结果,对广西高速公路沿线现有各类声屏障的降噪效果进行了分析评估,并提出了相应的高速公路声屏障设计思路及建议。     

关于大学生心理健康教育课程的几点思考

大学生心理健康教育课程教学的目的是培养学生健康的心理和良好的心理素质,使其在思想认识、知识和技能三个层面学有所获。课程教学应遵循理论与实践相结合、教师讲授与学生体验相结合,通过课堂讲授、小组讨论与典型案例分析、心理素质训练与拓展等体验式教育方法进行教学;采用理论效果评估与实际操作效果评估相结合的方式对课程效果进行评估。     

Accessibility and transport infrastructure improvement assessment: The role of borders and multilateral resistance

The market potential indicator is a commonly used tool in transport planning for evaluating the potential economic effects derived from improvements in transport infrastructures. The general assumption is that exports from a given region will rise with increased accessibility, thus benefiting economic activities. However, the specification of the market potential model is typically very simple and ignores both the impact of competing rivals and the role of international borders, which leads to unrealistic results. Spatial interaction models on bilateral trade have already proved that international trade is affected by multilateral resistance, borders, adjacency, language or currency. Nevertheless, apart from some recent analyses that simply calibrate the distance decay parameter from trade datasets, these variables have hardly been integrated into research on market potential. This paper sets out to demonstrate that more realistic results are obtained by calibrating the distance-decay parameter and introducing the impact of competing rivals and border effects into the market potential formulation. The proposed model is then applied to the assessment of the accessibility impacts of new road transport infrastructure in the European Union between 2001 and 2012, which shows that the greatest improvements in accessibility were experienced by peripheral countries with high road infrastructure investment.     

探索高职院校学生体育心理障碍和对策

教学的目的是促进学生的身体与心理的共同发展,培养学生的综合素质。体育对于学生的心理与身体素质的培养有着重要的意义。高职院校开展体育教学也正是基于这方面的考虑,但是也要看到高职院校学生体育教学中,学生还存在着一些心理障碍,这些心理障碍严重阻碍了高职院校所开展的体育课程教学。本文就目前高职院校学生体育心理障碍进行了分析、总结,并就相应的对策提出了自已的见解。     

海上水声信号处理算法中的物理特性仿真研究

通过研究海上水声信号的产生和海上水声信号定位系统的构成,设计水声信号处理系统流程,指出陆地上的主控中心与水中的基站如何进行信号数据传递,以及环境噪声、传输损耗、多径传输、多普勒效应等物理特性对信号偏移产生何种影响。最后通过实验验证加入消除滤波器后可以有效地控制多普勒效应产生的频率偏移。     

厚卵砾漂石地层注浆止水新型材料注浆效果试验研究

在富水厚卵砾漂石地层中,采用传统的注浆浆液进行止水,浆液极易在地层内大量流失,且注浆后浆液扩散不均、多呈"糖葫芦"状扩散,无法保证注浆效果。针对富水厚卵砾漂石地层的地质特点,针对注浆材料进行一系列室内配比试验,并通过注浆模型试验及现场试验进行卵砾漂石地层的注浆材料研究。试验表明:在厚卵砾漂石地层中,采用2种新型浆液即CD-SCA(水泥+聚羧酸钠盐型分散剂-水玻璃+硫酸铜+明矾)浆液和PC-SCA(磷酸-水玻璃+硫酸铜+明矾)浆液,注浆浆液呈柱状均匀扩散,扩散半径满足设计要求,地层的渗透性明显改善,满足了帷幕止水墙的止水效果,为今后同类地层注浆止水工程施工提供了有效借鉴。     

寒冷地区特大扁平钢箱梁温度及纵向应力分析

为指导寒冷地区钢箱梁桥的设计,以主跨436m的钢箱梁斜拉桥——辽河特大桥为研究对象,对其扁平钢箱梁进行了为期8个月的温度监测,采用对比分析、极值分析、概率统计等方法分析钢箱梁跨中截面温度及纵向应力日变化趋势、总体变化规律及温度对纵向应力的影响情况。结果表明:环境温度在20~45℃时,桥梁设计规范计算得到的钢箱梁顶板温度最大值小于实际监测值;钢箱梁连续24h温度变化服从正弦曲线分布,纵向应力每天前6h变化服从线性分布,后18h服从高斯曲线分布;24h内温度极值点时的温度效应为其它活荷载总效应的5.7~6.5倍;顶板冬季最冷月平均纵向应力相比夏季最热月低12~35 MPa,底板冬季最冷月平均纵向应力相比夏季低12~16 MPa。